Theology in the Raw

Is the death penalty biblical? Should Christians support capital punishment—or does following Jesus lead us toward a different understanding of justice, mercy, and redemption?
Shane Claiborne joins me to discuss what the Bible says about the death penalty and why we both changed our minds. We explore Old Testament laws, Jesus’ teaching on “an eye for an eye,” the early church’s response to violence, and whether Romans 13 justifies capital punishment.
But this conversation goes beyond biblical interpretation. Shane shares stories from years of visiting people on death row, including encounters with people who were later exonerated, families of murder victims, and a former executioner. We wrestle with difficult questions: Can you be pro-life and support the death penalty? What about justice for victims? And what does it mean to believe that no one is beyond redemption?
Shane is an author, activist, and co-founder of Red Letter Christians. His books include Executing Grace: How the Death Penalty Killed Jesus and Why It’s Killing Us and Rethinking Life.
For my further thoughts on Romans 13 and the death penalty, join the Theology in the Raw community and watch or listen to Extra Innings:
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CHAPTERS
00:00 The Bible Belt is the death belt
00:33 Why Christians are debating the death penalty
05:27 Shane Claiborne: Why I changed my mind
08:32 How the death penalty works in practice
10:18 Who gets executed? Race, poverty, and geography
12:05 The human cost of death row
14:11 Can people on death row change?
16:50 What does biblical justice look like?
17:37 Don Johnson: Redemption on death row
20:01 What about the victims?
23:59 Forgiveness after the Charleston church shooting
25:10 Christian leaders and the death penalty
26:36 An invitation to pray on death row
29:20 Does the Old Testament justify capital punishment?
30:44 Jesus and “an eye for an eye”
31:54 The early church on killing and state violence
35:38 Why Christians still defend the death penalty
37:07 Reading Old Testament laws as Christians
39:22 Wrongful convictions and trusting the state
41:10 Race, wealth, and unequal justice
43:56 A Jewish perspective on the death penalty
44:48 Does Romans 13 support the death penalty?
47:50 The Reformation and the power of the state
49:58 Wrestling with a change of mind
51:12 Firing squads and the toll on executioners
52:54 Forgiveness, consequences, and the gospel
53:37 Shane’s books and further resources
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Have we lost something in communion? Is the Lord’s Supper simply a symbol that reminds us of Jesus’ death, or is something more happening when we receive the bread and wine?
Anglican priest Hannah Miller King joins Preston to explore the Eucharist and its role in spiritual formation. They discuss Catholic, Protestant, and Anglican understandings of Christ’s presence, why communion has become an afterthought in some churches, and whether we should expect to feel anything when we take it.
Drawing from her book, Feasting on Hope: How God Sets a Table in the Wilderness, Hannah shares how communion has shaped her experience of grief, belonging, and healing. They also discuss her experience as a female priest and how Christians can remain in fellowship while disagreeing about women in church leadership.
In Extra Innings, Preston asks Hannah why some evangelicals are drawn to Anglican, Catholic, and Orthodox churches. Hear her own journey and the extended conversation by joining the TITR community: https://www.patreon.com/theologyintheraw

CHAPTERS
00:00 Is communion more than an object lesson?
00:46 Have we lost something in communion?
04:35 Introducing Hannah Miller King
05:01 Different Christian views of the Eucharist
07:33 The early church, Luther, and Calvin
10:55 What can Christians agree on about communion?
13:34 Wasn’t the Lord’s Supper an actual meal?
17:03 Sponsors
19:09 Has communion become an afterthought?
20:42 Making the table central to worship
24:05 Wine, grape juice, and why the elements matter
26:24 Communion, grief, and those we’ve lost
29:43 What if I don’t feel anything?
33:25 Embodiment, trauma, and healing
37:58 Lament and the hope of resurrection
39:06 Bringing our suffering to the table
41:30 Teaching a richer understanding of communion
43:23 Being a female Anglican priest
47:25 Disagreeing about women’s ordination
49:41 Unity without agreeing on everything
51:57 Why male-only bishops?
55:15 Faith when the miracle doesn’t come
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Are evangelicals really defined by Donald Trump, culture wars, and the pursuit of political power? Or are we missing a much bigger picture?
Bonnie Kristian joins Preston to discuss her book, In Defense of Evangelicalism: A Response to Its Cultured Despisers. A journalist and deputy editor at Christianity Today, Bonnie offers a defense of evangelicalism while openly criticizing its failures and explaining why she isn’t a Trump supporter.
We explore what “evangelical” actually means, the accusations leveled against the movement, and why Bonnie believes some critiques overlook the ordinary faithfulness of millions of Christians. We also discuss evangelical support for Trump, what voting statistics can and can’t tell us, and the difference between voting for a candidate and embracing everything that candidate represents.
The conversation also tackles Christian nationalism, the line between voting your values and imposing your beliefs, evangelical attitudes toward war, and Bonnie’s disagreements with Jesus and John Wayne. Can we take evangelical hypocrisy seriously without reducing an entire movement to its worst examples? And can we criticize someone’s politics without dismissing their faith?
CHAPTERS
00:00 Critiquing politics without condemning people
00:30 Are evangelicals really that bad?
03:50 Introducing Bonnie Kristian
06:45 What does “evangelical” actually mean?
10:31 Why hesitate to call yourself evangelical?
11:41 Five accusations against evangelicalism
16:35 Are evangelical faith and Republican politics inseparable?
18:24 Putting the “81 percent” statistic in context
20:18 Why evangelicals vote for Trump
24:13 Culture wars, political power, and voting your values
27:12 When does voting your faith become Christian nationalism?
33:28 Defending evangelicals without supporting Trump
35:45 War, conscience, and rejecting both parties
39:28 Why do evangelicals support war?
43:48 Torture, the Golden Rule, and the influence of faith
45:58 Pushback on the book and Jesus and John Wayne
50:42 Why Bonnie won’t denounce evangelical Trump voters
53:36 Criticism, reform, and contempt for evangelicals
54:40 Engaging critics and knowing when to step away
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What does faith look like when healing doesn’t come? And how can churches move beyond welcoming people with disabilities to creating genuine belonging? Cameron and Annie Horner join Preston to explore disability, marriage, suffering, and what the church misses when disabled voices are sidelined.

Cameron and Annie share how they met at the Exiles in Babylon conference and how vulnerability shaped their relationship. Together, they challenge assumptions about disability and offer practical ways churches can remove barriers to worship, community, and leadership.

Cameron Horner is a quadriplegic pastor, speaker, and ministry leader who became paralyzed from the chest down at age 18 after a diving accident. Annie Horner is a mental health therapist with Living Whole Hearted, a clinic based in Portland, Oregon. Together, they lead Accessible Grace, equipping churches to move beyond inclusion to genuine belonging for people with disabilities.

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CHAPTERS
00:00 Faith when healing doesn’t come
00:45 Why disability belongs in the church conversation
03:36 Meet Cameron and Annie Horner
04:22 A love story that started at Exiles in Babylon
07:18 Annie’s story: abuse, faith, and finding hope
11:40 From Ireland to a marriage proposal
12:47 Dating, disability, and assumptions about relationships
16:37 Building a relationship on what matters
19:33 Sponsor: Western Seminary
20:30 What people misunderstand about their marriage
21:24 Purity culture and the “ideal spouse” checklist
24:06 How vulnerability made room for love
26:46 When disability happens during a marriage
29:59 Disability and the church: where do we start?
32:08 Accessibility beyond ramps and parking spaces
35:21 Seeing disability as part of the body’s diversity
38:48 How church culture can exclude families
40:59 Who gets to lead in our churches?
43:12 Cameron’s calling to pastor and teach
46:03 Moses, disability, and God’s accommodation
48:11 “Stand if you’re able”: why language matters
52:31 Disability theology and the resurrected Jesus
56:18 How should we talk about disability?
58:29 A first step for church leaders: listen
61:09 What disability teaches us about being human
62:48 Celebrating faithfulness without a miraculous ending
65:18 Cameron and Preston’s marathon rivalry

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When does church leadership become spiritual manipulation? And how do you disagree with a pastor who says, “God told me”? Preston talks with New Testament scholar Joshua W. Jipp about how even well-meaning Christian leaders can cross the line from serving people to controlling them.
Drawing on his book, How (Not) to Be a Tyrant, Josh explores what the Bible’s worst rulers reveal about power, ambition, and the temptation to use God’s authority to advance our own agendas. We discuss why charisma and results aren’t enough to identify a healthy leader, how fear can become a tool of control, and what makes Jesus’ approach to leadership radically different.
We also wrestle with church leadership structures, Paul’s use of authority, Romans 13 and Revelation 13, and when Christians should submit, push back, or leave. Along the way, we consider the faithful pastors whose humility and service rarely make the headlines.
Joshua W. Jipp (PhD, Emory University) is associate professor of New Testament at the University of Notre Dame. He is the author of several books, including his most recent book, How (Not) to Be a Tyrant: Ten Lessons on Life and Leadership from the Bible’s Worst Rulers (Brazos Press).

CHAPTERS
00:00 When spiritual authority becomes control
00:39 Introducing Joshua W. Jipp
02:19 Why study the Bible’s worst rulers?
07:04 Leadership and power throughout the Bible
09:55 Did God want Israel to have a king?
13:32 Sponsors
15:53 The temptation facing well-meaning leaders
17:47 Using God to advance a leader’s agenda
18:59 Why success and charisma aren’t enough
23:16 Does the Bible prescribe a church leadership structure?
28:29 How can a servant leader exercise authority?
34:58 Subtle warning signs of controlling leadership
37:57 When disagreeing with a leader means disagreeing with God
39:46 Can other leaders genuinely push back?
40:59 How fear becomes a tool of control
42:18 Submitting to bad rulers: Romans 13 and Revelation 13
47:30 When should you push back on church leadership?
51:13 The faithful pastors who don’t make headlines
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