Trade, tensions, tariffs... and a whole world of uncertainty
We live in an increasingly uncertain world. But what are the economic and financial implications of such turbulent times? What does it mean for Europe’s banking and non-bank sectors, companies, households, and government finances? And how can Europe navigate such volatility?
Our host Paul Gordon discusses these questions and more with expert John Fell in the latest episode of The ECB Podcast.
The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.
Published on 22 May 2025 and recorded on 16 May 2025.
In this episode:
01:50 Geopolitical developments and global financial imbalances
How did markets react to the high level of uncertainty?
05:10 Safe havens
What are safe havens? What happened to US government bonds?
09:08 Europe’s reaction
Can Europe afford the increased spending in security and defense? What happens to other structural challenges?
13:18 Potential unexpected consequences
What positive benefits can defence spending bring? Can it boost growth? What are the solutions to instabilities that might bring?
16:33 Our guest’s hot tip
John shares his hot tip with our listeners.
Further readings:
Financial Stability Review, May 2025
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/financial-stability-publications/fsr/html/index.en.html
Our guest’s hot tip: When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management by Roger Lowenstein
https://www.amazon.de/-/en/When-Genius-Failed-Long-Term-Management/dp/0375758259
European Central Bank
www.ecb.europa.eu
--------
18:12
President Lagarde presents the latest monetary policy decisions – 17 April 2025
Today our Governing Council decided on monetary policy, determining what’s needed to return inflation to our 2% goal in a timely manner.
Listen to President Christine Lagarde present today’s decisions. The statement also covers:
• how the economy is performing
• how we expect prices to develop
• the risks to the economic outlook
• the dynamics behind financial and monetary conditions
Our monetary policy statement at a glance, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/visual-mps/2025/html/mopo_statement_explained_april.en.html
Christine Lagarde, Luis de Guindos: Monetary policy statement, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/2025/html/ecb.is250417~091c625eb6.en.html
Monetary policy decisions, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.mp250417~42727d0735.en.html
Combined monetary policy decisions and statement, 17 April 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/shared/pdf/ecb.ds250417~e613e58d41.en.pdf?95a8c391ee55936072302d86e709bf0e
European Central Bank
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html
You can also listen on all major podcast platforms.
Published and recorded during our press conference on 17 April 2025
#MonetaryPolicy #EuropeanCentralBank #ChristineLagarde #Finance #FinancialConditions #Inflation #EconomicActivity #EconomicOutlook #PressConference #Banking #CentralBanking #Podcast #Economics #EU #Europe #ECB
--------
14:59
AI: economic game changer or job taker?
Will AI take our jobs? Does AI boost economic productivity? Is it a choice of going green or going digital?
Our host Paul Gordon talks to ECB colleagues António Dias da Silva, Guzmán González-Torres Fernández and Miles Parker to find out what AI means for the economy, especially for productivity, job prospects and energy supply.
The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.
Published on 9 April 2025 and recorded on 3 April 2025.
In this episode:
00:55 Is AI replacing jobs?
Can AI ever replace jobs in journalism or film-making? Will AI be our next podcast host?
02:14 Is AI a job changer?
How are new technologies changing our jobs?
04:00 Age, education and gender
Who uses AI and how do people feel about it? Does AI usage differ based on age, education and gender?
06:57 Sectors with the highest AI usage
Which sectors use AI the most? What’s behind the different attitudes towards AI in different areas of the economy?
09:00 Corporate usage of AI
What do companies need to effectively use AI?
11:02 How does AI affect productivity?
How can AI be put to good use? To what extent can Europe’s economy grow with current AI usage? Is the world ready for AI?
13:29 The role of policymakers
How can policymakers make it easier for companies to use AI?
15:10 AI and energy consumption
How much energy does AI need? How much energy does ChatGPT use for one search? Will energy demand go up or down?
17:15 Go green or go digital?
Do we need to choose or does AI allow both? How could AI help the green transition?
19:10 Obstacles
What are the roadblocks to the green and digital transitions? What investment is needed to make these transitions a success? What else needs to be done?
21:50 Our guests’ hot tips
António, Guzmán and Miles share their hot tips with our listeners.
Further reading:
The ECB Blog: AI adoption and employment prospects
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250321~6af1337b6b.en.html
The ECB Blog: AI versus green: clash of the transitions?
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250325~ed12b0ff35.en.html
The ECB Blog: AI can boost productivity – if firms use it
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250328~60c0a587f7.en.html
Hot tip from António: Tech-focused podcast Babbage by The Economist https://www.economist.com/audio/podcasts/babbage
Hot tip from Guzmán: The ECB recent conference on “The transformative power of AI: economic implications and challenges”
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250401_transformative_power_of_ai.en.html
Hot tip from Miles: International Energy Agency website
https://www.iea.org/
ECB Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/
European Central Bank
www.ecb.europa.eu
ECB Banking Supervision
https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html
--------
23:57
Mind the gap: gender and financial literacy
We need financial literacy to make good financial decisions. But did you know that half of Europeans have low financial literacy levels, and that 60% of them are women?
Our host Stefania Secola talks to Annamaria Lusardi from Stanford University about what financial literacy is, why it matters and how we can improve it, especially among women.
The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.
Published on 13 March 2025 and recorded on 7 March 2025.
In this episode:
00:01 Commitments made by central banks
How did central bank Governors commit to improving financial literacy in their respective countries? What are the desired outcomes?
00:27 Looking at the numbers
How financially literate are Europeans? How big is the gap between men and women? And what can we do about it?
01:55 Financial literacy defined
What is financial literacy? How does it relate to financial independence?
03:58 Measuring financial literacy
There are three simple questions, known as the “Big Three”, that experts use to measure financial literacy. Can you, our listener, answer them?
05:59 Why central banks care about financial literacy
Why does financial literacy matter for central banks? How does it relate to the effectiveness of monetary policy and trust in what a central bank does? And how does it affect banking supervision?
10:53 Financial knowledge in Europe
Why is financial literacy in Europe so low? What can we do to increase the overall level of financial literacy among Europeans?
12:30 When to start addressing financial literacy
When is the best time to improve people’s financial literacy? Is it limited to schools or are there also other teachable moments?
15:50 The gender gap in financial literacy
Why is there this gender gap and why is it a problem? What can we do to make sure that half the population isn’t left behind?
20:14 The role of fintech
Does fintech complement financial literacy? What risks do gender differences in digital literacy pose when it comes to using fintech?
22:26 The road ahead
Central banks made five commitments to improve financial literacy. What are these commitments?
24:50 Financial literacy question: answer revealed
We answer the first “Big Three” question. Listen and see whether you chose the correct answer!
25:45 Our guest’s hot tip
Annamaria shares her hot tip with our listeners.
Further reading:
Annamaria Lusardi’s research
https://www.annamarialusardi.com/research/
ECB International Women’s Day Event 2025
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20250307_intl_womens_day.en.html
The ECB Blog: The gender gap at work is closing – but slowly
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250307~85fd774bd3.en.html
The “Big Three” and “Big Five”
https://gflec.org/education/questions-that-indicate-financial-literacy/
Chart: Gender gap in financial literacy is pervasive, incl. the young, well educated and high income
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvVzgcXCFBw&t=222s
ECB Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/
European Central Bank
www.ecb.europa.eu
ECB Banking Supervision
https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html
--------
27:17
President Lagarde presents the latest monetary policy decisions – 6 March 2025
Today our Governing Council decided on monetary policy, determining what’s needed to return inflation to our 2% goal in a timely manner.
Listen to President Christine Lagarde present today’s decisions. The statement also covers:
• how the economy is performing
• how we expect prices to develop
• the risks to the economic outlook
• the dynamics behind financial and monetary conditions
Our monetary policy statement at a glance, 6 March 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/visual-mps/2025/html/mopo_statement_explained_march.en.html
Christine Lagarde, Luis de Guindos: Monetary policy statement, 6 March 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/2025/html/ecb.is250306~4307bd0941.en.html
Monetary policy decisions, 6 March 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2025/html/ecb.mp250306~d4340800b3.en.html
Combined monetary policy decisions and statement, 6 March 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/press_conference/monetary-policy-statement/shared/pdf/ecb.ds250306~ca4269dcc8.en.pdf
Macroeconomic projections, 6 March 2025 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/projections/html/ecb.projections202503_ecbstaff~106050a4fa.en.html
European Central Bank
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html
You can also listen on all major podcast platforms.
Published and recorded during our press conference on 6 March 2025.
The European Central Bank Podcast – bringing you insights into the world of economics and central banking.
Our hosts Paul Gordon and Stefania Secola talk to experts about the topics and trends that matter to the eurozone economy today.
The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.