Within Reason

Alex J O'Connor
Within Reason
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155 Episoden

  • Within Reason

    #159 Aristotle: The World's Greatest Philosopher?

    25.06.2026 | 1 Std. 24 Min.
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    John Sellars is a Reader in philosophy at Royal Holloway, University of London, a visiting Research Fellow at King's College London and a Member of Wolfson College, Oxford. His books include Lessons in Stoicism, The Fourfold Remedy, Aristotle and his work has been translated into over a dozen languages.

    Get John Sellars' books here.

    TIMESTAMPS:
    (0:00) What’s So Great About Aristotle?
    (03:06) Actuality and Potentiality
    (12:59) Forms: Aristotle vs Plato
    (20:02) The Four Causes
    (25:16) Evolution and Final Causation
    (29:40) Did Aristotle Believe In God?
    (32:38) The Unmoved Mover
    (38:58) The Soul (Is Not What You Might Think)
    (48:51) How Aristotle Invented Formal Logic
    (55:54) The Nicomachean Ethics
    (01:15:56) Ethics as Descriptive
    (01:21:04) Where To Start With Aristotle

    CONNECT:
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    Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic
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    TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@cosmicskeptic⁠
    Business Email: contact@alexoconnor.com
    Brand enquiries: David@modernstoa.co
  • Within Reason

    #158 Could Consciousness Be an Illusion?

    18.06.2026 | 2 Std. 7 Min.
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    Keith Frankish is a British philosopher specialising in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of cognitive science.

    Read Keith's essay, "Illusionism as a theory of consciousness" (2016).
    Find Keith's website here.

    Keith Frankish and Philip Goff co-host a channel 'Mind Chat', where they debate panpsychism versus illusionism, and explore cutting-edge thought on consciousness:  / @mindchat  

    TIMESTAMPS:
    (0:00) Is Consciousness An Illusion?
    (4:02) Do We Have a Private World?
    (10:00) The Nature of Visual Experience
    (20:13) Is Awareness Behavioural?
    (28:17) Isn’t Introspection Itself a Private Experience?
    (33:04) Philosophical Zombies
    (43:05) What Motivates Illusionism?
    (50:02) Psychedelics and the Dissolution of the Self
    (59:23) Why Are Philosophers Always Categorising?
    (1:10:31) Does Alex’s Triangle Exist?
    (1:21:40) Is Pain Just a Reaction to Stimulus?
    (1:49:05) Is Pain an Emergent Phenomenon?
    (1:55:52) What Illusion Is Actually Happening?
    (1:59:07) Can AI Be Conscious?

    CONNECT
    My Website: https://www.alexoconnor.com

    SOCIAL LINKS:
    Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/cosmicskeptic
    Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic
    Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/cosmicskeptic
    TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@cosmicskeptic

    CONTACT
    Business email: contact@alexoconnor.com
    Brand enquiries: David@modernstoa.co
  • Within Reason

    #157 How a Blind Man Sees the World - Tommy Edison

    08.06.2026 | 1 Std. 4 Min.
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    @TommyEdisonXP is a blind YouTuber and radio presenter. He got his start online as the “Blind Film Critic”, reviewing movies despite being unable to see them, and thereby offering a unique angle on their storytelling.

    TIMESTAMPS:
    (0:00) Being a Blind YouTuber
    (2:03) How Do You Understand Blindness If You Are Blind From Birth?
    (4:26) Being Blind in School
    (7:20) Tommy’s Early Life
    (12:11) Has Life Become More Accessible For the Blind?
    (19:35) How Vision is Embedded in Our Language
    (21:35) How Does A Blind Person Watch A Movie?
    (25:40) What Does Tommy Know About Colour?
    (27:51) Mary’s Room
    (32:16) Can A Blind Person Play Video Games?
    (35:39) The Questions People Are Too Afraid to Ask
    (41:42) How Does A Blind Person Understand Attractiveness?
    (44:27) What Can We Make More Accessible?
    (48:24) Why Electric Cars Aren’t Best For Everyone
    (51:33) Is Offering Help Patronising?
    (54:35) What Can Tommy Do That People Think He Can’t?
    (58:32) Why Tommy Chooses Joy

    CONNECT
    My Website: https://www.alexoconnor.com

    SOCIAL LINKS:
    Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/cosmicskeptic
    Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic
    Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/cosmicskeptic
    TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@cosmicskeptic⁠

    CONTACT
    Business email: contact@alexoconnor.com
    Brand enquiries: David@modernstoa.co
  • Within Reason

    #156 Mysticism: The Heretics Who Got Too Close to God - Simon Critchley

    26.05.2026 | 1 Std. 17 Min.
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    Simon Critchley is a British philosopher, author and professor at The New School in New York. He is best known for his work on existentialism, mysticism, ethics and continental philosophy, and is the author of books including The Book of Dead Philosophers, Faith of the Faithless and Mysticism. Get Simon's book Mysticism ⁠here⁠.

    TIMESTAMPS:
    (7:52) What is Mysticism?
    (18:58) Unification With the Divine
    (29:58) Mysticism and the Self
    (40:38) Why Are So Many Mystics Women?
    (48:41) The Limits of Language
    (59:54) Was Pascal a Mystic?
    (01:03:21) Where Does Simon Stand on Mysticism?
    (01:11:22) Where Should We Start With Learning About Mysticism?
    (01:15:36) Imagery in Simon’s Book

    CONNECT
    My Website: ⁠https://www.alexoconnor.com⁠

    SOCIAL LINKS:
    Twitter: ⁠http://www.twitter.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    Facebook: ⁠http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    Instagram: ⁠http://www.instagram.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    TikTok: ⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@cosmicskeptic⁠

    CONTACT
    Business email: contact@alexoconnor.com
    Brand enquiries: David@modernstoa.co
  • Within Reason

    #155 AI Music is Not Music - Adam Neely

    13.05.2026 | 1 Std. 57 Min.
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    Adam Neely is an American bassist, YouTuber, and jazz musician based in New York City. His YouTube content includes Q&A videos, vlogs about performing music, and video essays about online music culture. As a musician, he performs with groups including the electro-jazz duo Sungazer and the instrumental band Aberdeen.Watch Adam's video on Suno here.

    TIMESTAMPS:
    (0:00) Music and Philosophy(5:17) Can You Cheat in Music?(9:07) What is Suno?(25:20) Can You Use AI Musically?(32:21) Is AI Just the New Sampling?(38:40) AI and Inclusivity(46:21) Is Music Becoming Narcissistic?(57:26) Does Great Art Require Ego?(01:07:04) Are AI Music Tools Inevitable?(01:22:55) How Would Adam Improve Suno?(01:35:44) Are We Removing the Humanity From Music?(01:44:18) Is Jazz the Blueprint?

    CONNECT
    My Website: ⁠https://www.alexoconnor.com⁠

    SOCIAL LINKS:
    Twitter: ⁠http://www.twitter.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    Facebook: ⁠http://www.facebook.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    Instagram: ⁠http://www.instagram.com/cosmicskeptic⁠
    TikTok: ⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@cosmicskeptic⁠

    CONTACT
    Business email: contact@alexoconnor.com
    Brand enquiries: David@modernstoa.co
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Über Within Reason
For the curious. A philosophy podcast that sometimes flirts with other disciplines, Within Reason has featured guests including Richard Dawkins, Douglas Murray, William Lane Craig, Peter Singer, Konstantin Kisin, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.
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