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The IT/OT Insider Podcast - Pioneers & Pathfinders

By David Ariens and Willem van Lammeren
The IT/OT Insider Podcast - Pioneers & Pathfinders
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  • MQTT vs OPC UA with Kudzai Manditereza
    When we talk about industrial connectivity, two names always come up: OPC UA and MQTT. They’re often mentioned in the same breath, as if they’re competitors. But as Kudzai Manditereza reminded us in our conversation, that’s a bit of a misconception. These protocols solve different problems, and understanding their history helps explain why they’re both so important today.OPC UA: From Printer Drivers to Industrial StandardsThe story of OPC goes back to the 1990s. At the time, every automation vendor shipped their own drivers, making integration a nightmare. The OPC Foundation stepped in to create a standardized interface — inspired, of all things, by Microsoft’s printer driver model. Just as Windows could talk to any printer through a standard interface, OPC offered a way for SCADA systems and historians to talk to PLCs without custom drivers.Thanks for reading The IT/OT Insider! Subscribe for free to receive our weekly articles directly in your mailbox!The first generation, known as OPC Classic (DA/HDA), was Windows-only and limited in scope. It solved the immediate problem but couldn’t handle the growing complexity of industrial data. Enter OPC UA (Unified Architecture): cross-platform, internet-capable, and built with powerful information modeling.This is where OPC really shines. As Kudzai put it:“The shop floor is full of objects — pumps, compressors, machines. OPC UA lets you model those objects, not just pass around raw tags.”That means a machine builder can ship a unit with a pre-built OPC UA information model, ready for plug-and-play integration.The OPC Foundation even created companion specifications for different industries, so a compressor in Germany “speaks” the same OPC language as a compressor in the US. No more reinventing interfaces for every project.MQTT: Born in the Oil Fields, Adopted by the InternetIf OPC UA came from printer drivers, MQTT came from oil pipelines (well… actually from the even older pub-sub newsgroups back when the internet was still something really special).In 1999, IBM engineers developed MQTT to monitor pipelines over unreliable, low-bandwidth satellite links. The key innovation was the publish/subscribe model: instead of clients constantly polling servers for updates, devices publish data to a central broker, and anyone interested can subscribe.This lightweight, bandwidth-efficient design made MQTT perfect for remote monitoring. But it didn’t stay confined to industry. In fact, one of its biggest early adopters was Facebook, who used MQTT in their Messenger platform. By the 2010s, MQTT had made its way back to industry, now riding the wave of IIoT and event-driven architectures.As Kudzai explained:“MQTT doesn’t tell you how to model your data. It’s a transport protocol. But its hierarchical topic structure maps naturally to concepts like the Unified Namespace (UNS).”Think of it like a Google Drive folder structure: data is organized into topics, and anyone can subscribe to the parts they care about.OPC UA vs MQTT: Different Tools, Different JobsSo should you pick OPC UA or MQTT? The answer is: both, but for different layers.* OPC UA excels close to the machines (Levels 0–2 in the Purdue Model). It provides a rich, standardized way to model and expose machine data. Perfect for SCADA, DCS, and local control.* MQTT shines at higher levels (L3/DMZ and above). It’s ideal for integrating thousands of devices into enterprise systems, feeding data lakes, or enabling event-driven architectures. And of course also for IIoT devices spread around the world!As Kudzai put it:“You’ll never control a pump with MQTT. But if you want to share events across your enterprise (machine status, recipes, quality data,…) MQTT is a great fit.”And that’s an important distinction. OPC UA is about structured access to objects. MQTT is about lightweight distribution of events. They don’t replace each other — they complement each other.Closing ThoughtsIndustrial connectivity isn’t about choosing one protocol over the other. It’s about using the right tool for the job. OPC UA and MQTT are part of the same toolbox — and when used together, they unlock scalable, reusable, event-driven architectures that finally let IT and OT speak the same language.As Kudzai summed it up:“The ability to reuse data is a huge factor. Once you stop thinking point-to-point and start thinking platform, that’s when scale happens.”… And we couldn't agree more!Also, take a look what HiveMQ has to offer: Stay Tuned for More!🚀 Join the ITOT.Academy →Subscribe to our podcast and blog to stay updated on the latest trends in Industrial Data, AI, and IT/OT convergence.🚀 See you in the next episode!Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheITOTInsider Apple Podcasts: Spotify Podcasts: Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this interview are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The IT/OT Insider. This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be seen as an endorsement by The IT/OT Insider of any products, services, or strategies discussed. We encourage our readers and listeners to consider the information presented and make their own informed decisions. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit itotinsider.substack.com
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  • The $50K use case matters – Zev Arnold on Scaling, Context and AI
    When Zev Arnold joined us on the podcast, he brought with him the kind of energy and clarity you rarely get from someone working at the intersection of industry, data, and transformation. As a principal director at Accenture’s Industry X, Zev has spent years working with oil & gas, utilities, mining, and life sciences companies—not just helping them digitize, but helping them make that digitization mean something operationally. “I help engineers and operators use data to improve the way they work,” he said, and that theme stayed with us throughout the conversation.Context is King (But only if the right person owns it)One of the most powerful insights from Zev is his perspective on data contextualization.He tells the story of a compressor engineer who wanted to track starts instead of doing maintenance on a fixed schedule. “Some compressors had start-stop tags, some had rotational speed. The structure of the data needed to support the engineer’s thinking, not the other way around.” That’s when Zev realized: contextualization only works when it’s driven by the user, not imposed by some else. “Give that hierarchy to the compressor engineer and say, this is yours. Own it.”In Zev’s model, self-service is the enabler. If engineers and operators can build their own analytics without writing Python or waiting for a dev team, that’s when transformation becomes real.Platforms that Empower, Not ObstructZev is quick to point out where industrial transformation often stumbles: platforms that weren’t built to scale use cases easily. “We had a platform that worked great for one use case. But every new use case required us to rebuild everything again.”“You want to catch that $50K event before it becomes an environmental incident. The person who understands the problem best is the engineer. We need to give them the tools to act.”The bigger picture? Zev sees a future where operators train and maintain AI systems—even simple expert systems that alert you when a tank overflows. That’s where AI becomes more than a buzzword and actually enters the DNA of industrial work.People, AI, and the Future of WorkZev introduces a compelling framing: people-to-people, people-to-AI, and AI-to-AI. That’s the triangle of future industrial collaboration. A model he borrowed from Paul Daugherty’s book Human + Machine.In this framing, AI isn’t replacing people. Instead, AI becomes part of their toolbox. “Even simple AI—like monitoring sump tank levels—needs someone to train and maintain it,” he says. That job doesn’t belong in a remote digital transformation office. It belongs on the floor, with the engineer who knows the equipment and the impact.Thanks for reading The IT/OT Insider! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work.We just need to catch the real valueIs all this really worth it? Zev answers emphatically, yes. And he points to a hard number: EFORd, the forced outage rate in U.S. power generation. This is a metric used to assess the reliability of thermal power generating units, specifically measuring the probability of a unit being unavailable due to forced outages or deratings when there is a demand for power. It essentially indicates how often a generator is unable to produce power when it's needed. The EFORd rate in the US averages 7.5% (a theoretical 0 value would mean that there are no unplanned outages). If we could close that gap with better decisions, the industry could unlock over $100 billion in value.“And that’s just one industry,” Zev adds. “The ripple effects could be societal: better data centers, climate impact, lower energy bills, even job growth.”Final ThoughtsFrom the subtle distinctions between manufacturing types to the very real, tangible impact of good data and AI done right, we touched it all in this podcast. Whether it’s process or discrete, the message is clear: stop treating transformation like a side project. Get the right tools into the right hands—and let people do what they do best.As Zev put it, “On my worst days, I wonder, is this data really valuable? But 15 years in, I know it is. We just have to use it right.”Stay Tuned for More!🚀 Join the ITOT.Academy →Subscribe to our podcast and blog to stay updated on the latest trends in Industrial Data, AI, and IT/OT convergence.🚀 See you in the next episode!Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheITOTInsider Apple Podcasts:Spotify Podcasts:Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this interview are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The IT/OT Insider. This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be seen as an endorsement by The IT/OT Insider of any products, services, or strategies discussed. We encourage our readers and listeners to consider the information presented and make their own informed decisions. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit itotinsider.substack.com
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  • OT Cybersecurity 101 with Danielle Jablanski
    📣 Have you already considered joining our ITOT.Academy ? We tell stories. We focus on concepts, not tools.On frameworks, not features.👉 Check out our podcast to learn more !If you’re still thinking of OT cybersecurity as “just” another IT checklist item, it’s time to rethink the whole game. In this episode of the IT/OT Insider podcast, David is joined by Danielle Jablanski — cybersecurity strategist, OT advocate, and all-around force in the industrial cyber world — for a grounded conversation on what cybersecurity in industrial systems really means, why it’s not a product or checklist, and how to approach it without getting lost in the buzzwords.Danielle brings not only deep knowledge but also practical field insight from her time at CISA, Nozomi Networks, and now STV.What is OT Cybersecurity Anyway?OT (Operational Technology) isn’t just ICS (Industrial Control Systems) anymore. “OT now represents a broad set of technologies that covers process automation, instrumentation and field devices, cyber-physical operations, and industrial control systems,” Danielle explains.From water utilities and power grids to baggage claim systems and digital parking meters, these systems form the backbone of our critical infrastructure. And unlike IT systems, the primary concern isn’t just data breaches—it’s real-world, physical consequences.“Segmentation is King”Danielle is clear: “For the last five or six years, I've always said segmentation is king. I still think it's paramount.” But that doesn’t mean it’s easy or one-size-fits-all.The problem? Too many organizations buy visibility tools but neglect the basics like firewall rules or sound architecture. As Danielle notes, “You can't do any type of root cause analysis if you're not incorporating your entire operation into your purview.”Her takeaway: start with effects-based thinking. “Focus on the effect of something rather than the means.”By the way, did you know our very first post on this blog was about the Purdue model? Check it out here:No More Choose-Your-Own-Adventure SecurityDanielle challenges a common trap: jumping into cybersecurity with no strategy. “There’s this leap to: I want a pen test, I want incident response, I want this, this, this. But are people even ready for a 150-page pen test that tells you everything you might want to fix over the next 10 years?”Instead, she advocates for needs assessments, crown jewel analysis, and understanding fault tolerance. She says, “You need to understand what is impossible, what is not plausible… you can't do that without really getting to root cause analysis.”Thanks for reading The IT/OT Insider! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work.The Good, the Bad, and the Pointless DeliverablesWhen asked about good versus bad deliverables, Danielle doesn’t hold back: “A red flag? People rush to procure tools.” In contrast, green flags are often simple: “What forensic capacity do you have? What logs are you keeping? What’s your retention policy?”And watch out for this one: “Our integrator is responsible for cybersecurity.” That’s a red flag unless you’ve built a mechanism to test and verify that assumption.Starting a Career in OT SecurityFor anyone curious about stepping into the field, Danielle’s advice is encouraging and honest. “You can take any interested person and train them based on their interest and their aptitude.” She recommends free online resources like learn.automationcommunity.com and Grady Hillhouse’s Engineering in Plain Sight. Her bottom line? “Do whatever you're interested in and do it as much as your resources allow for.”Why It MattersThroughout the conversation, Danielle keeps it grounded: OT cybersecurity isn’t about buying the latest tool or chasing the latest threat report. It’s about resilience, design, human capacity, and real-world impact. “All the tools in the world are not going to help you if you haven’t built the scaffolding.”Or, to put it more bluntly: this isn’t a choose-your-own-adventure. It’s about picking a strategy and sticking to it.Let us know what you thought of this episode and if you want more cyber content, get in touch. Like we promised during the episode, this topic is too important and we haven’t touched OT Cyber Sec enough… So we’ll be launching a full cybersecurity series later this year.Extra Resources* Find Danielle on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniellejjablanski/* Free learning: learn.automationcommunity.com* Grady Hillhouse’s book: Engineering in Plain Sight* Copenhagen Industrial Cybersecurity Event : https://insightevents.dk/isc-cph/Danielle’s talk at SANS:And see also https://www.sans.org/blog/a-visual-summary-of-sans-ics-summit-2023/ for this stunning visual summary of her talk:Stay Tuned for More!🚀 Join the ITOT.Academy →Subscribe to our podcast and blog to stay updated on the latest trends in Industrial Data, AI, and IT/OT convergence.🚀 See you in the next episode!Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheITOTInsider Apple Podcasts: Spotify Podcasts: Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this interview are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The IT/OT Insider. This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be seen as an endorsement by The IT/OT Insider of any products, services, or strategies discussed. We encourage our readers and listeners to consider the information presented and make their own informed decisions. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit itotinsider.substack.com
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  • Tech to the Back – A Conversation with Raf Swinnen on Lean, Culture, and Digital Discipline
    In this episode of the IT/OT Insider Podcast, we welcome someone who doesn’t come from cloud platforms, data infrastructure, or connectivity layers. Instead, he brings something equally vital: operational wisdom.Raf Swinnen has spent his career inside factories. From Procter & Gamble to Kellogg's, and later Danone, Raf worked at the intersection of operations and transformation, guiding teams through continuous improvement and later, digital initiatives.What makes his perspective especially valuable? It’s grounded in Lean thinking. Not as a buzzword, but as a real discipline. One that requires a sharp understanding of processes, a respect for people on the floor, and a strong filter for what actually adds value.From Line Leader to Digital Change AgentRaf didn’t start in digital. He started on the floor: managing lines, people, safety, and performance. That experience shaped how he sees digital transformation today: as something that should support operations, not get in the way of them.At Danone, he led digital initiatives at the Rotselaar site (Belgium). The job wasn’t to implement more dashboards. It was to help teams use data to drive better decisions, without losing sight of the fundamentals.“Tech to the Back” — What Digital Should Learn from LeanOne of the most powerful takeaways from this episode is Raf’s principle of “Tech to the back.”“Digital solutions should not be front and center. People and processes should be. Tech should follow.”This is a strong antidote to the over-designed, solution-first approaches that often flood the industrial space. According to Raf, the biggest risk in digital projects isn’t the technology — it’s losing the problem along the way.Three C’s: Connect, Collaborate, and CoherenceAs part of his work with leadership teams, Raf often introduces what he calls the 3 C’s:* Clarity – Where are we going, and why?* Consistency – Are we reinforcing the same messages and systems?* Coherence – Do our tools, apps, and data work together?These are not slogans, they are essential behaviors for any transformation to stick. They also align closely with how we designed the ITOT.Academy, where cross-role learning and shared frameworks are front and center.One of Raf’s biggest contributions came through how he structured teams. In a newly created role as Digital Program Manager, he pulled in both IT and OT voices and even shifted reporting lines to foster true collaboration.He didn’t look for tech wizards. He looked for people with enthusiasm. People who wanted to make a difference. These became his digital ambassadors, key voices from every shift, every team.“When the night shift speaks up, you listen. They see the edge cases nobody else does.”Case Examples: Real Change Starts SmallRaf shared stories from his time at Danone, Kellogg’s, and P&G, where transformation didn’t come from big declarations — but from small, disciplined steps.At one plant, it was about helping teams make better use of their shift handovers.At another, it meant cleaning up data before launching another round of training.At Danone, the challenge was scaling good ideas without flattening local ownership.“Digital without context is noise. The real challenge is creating relevance at the point of use.”Digital with DisciplineRaf’s story is a reminder that digital transformation doesn’t start with technology, it starts with understanding the process. Listening to the people who run it, and designing with clarity and purpose. Whether it's Lean principles, cultural alignment, or simply asking better questions, his approach keeps the focus where it matters: on solving real problems in practical ways.In a time when industrial tech is advancing fast and buzzwords multiply by the day, it’s refreshing to hear someone say: let’s not forget why we’re doing this in the first place.If you’re working in digital, operations, or somewhere in between, this episode is a pause-and-reflect moment.And maybe also a nudge: to push tech to the back, and put people and purpose out front.Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this interview are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The IT/OT Insider. This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be seen as an endorsement by The IT/OT Insider of any products, services, or strategies discussed. We encourage our readers and listeners to consider the information presented and make their own informed decisions. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit itotinsider.substack.com
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  • Open Source in Industrial Applications with Alexander Krüger
    📣 Quick note before we dive into all things open source: In our last episode, we announced the launch of the ITOT.Academy: a live on-line learning experience for professionals navigating the complex world of IT/OT collaboration. Our early bird seats are filling up fast. If you’re serious about gaining practical skills (not just theory), now’s the time to secure your spot. Don’t wait too long, the first cohorts start on August 29 and September 5 (each cohort consists of six 2 hour sessions and you receive all recordings). 👉 Full training program and registration via ITOT.AcademyIn this episode of the IT/OT Insider Podcast, we sit down with Alexander Krüger, co-founder and CEO of United Manufacturing Hub (UMH), to talk about something that’s both old and revolutionary in the industrial world: open source software.This isn’t about hobby projects or side experiments. It’s about why open source is playing an increasingly important role in how factories move data, scale operations, and reduce vendor lock-in. Alexander brings both a technical and business perspective and shares what happens when a mechanical engineer dives deep into the world of cloud-native data infrastructure.Not all Open Source is created equalMost industrial companies still equate reliability with paying a vendor and signing a service-level agreement. But Alexander challenges that mindset. His team originally built UMH because they were frustrated with how hard it was to try, test, and scale traditional industrial software.“We just wanted to get data from A to B in a factory, but realized that problem isn’t really solved yet. So we made it open source.”Alexander is quick to point out that choosing open source doesn’t automatically mean less risk, but it does mean different trade-offs. Key factors include:* Licensing clarity* Community health (Is it maintained? Is it active?)* Governance (Who controls the roadmap? What happens if they change direction?)He even brings up the infamous example of vendors repackaging tools like Node-RED under different names, then charging for them without giving proper credit (or worse, shipping outdated versions).“If you’re already bundling open source into your software, why not be honest about it?”What about reliability?If you’re an OT leader, you might still worry: who do I call at 2 a.m. when something breaks?Alexander’s answer: you should be asking that question about any software, open or proprietary. Because often, what fails isn’t the software itself, it’s the integrations someone built in a rush, or the one engineer who knew how things worked and then left the company.With open source, there’s at least transparency, control, and the ability to maintain continuity. You’re not locked out of your own systems.The Human Side: The rise of the hybrid engineerOne of the most interesting parts of the conversation was about who will make this all work. Alexander sees a new kind of engineer emerging: someone with a background in OT, but who enjoys learning IT concepts, tinkering with Docker, and embracing DevOps practices.“We’re looking for people who used to live in TIA Portal but now run state of the art home automation in their free time.”This isn’t about turning everyone into a software developer. But it is about building a culture where people are open to learning from both sides and using modern ways of working and new tools to solve old problems.Stay Tuned for More!Subscribe to our podcast and blog to stay updated on the latest trends in Industrial Data, AI, and IT/OT convergence.🚀 See you in the next episode!Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheITOTInsider Apple Podcasts: Spotify Podcasts: Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this interview are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of The IT/OT Insider. This content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be seen as an endorsement by The IT/OT Insider of any products, services, or strategies discussed. We encourage our readers and listeners to consider the information presented and make their own informed decisions. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit itotinsider.substack.com
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Über The IT/OT Insider Podcast - Pioneers & Pathfinders

How can we really digitalize our Industry? Join us as we navigate through the innovations and challenges shaping the future of manufacturing and critical infrastructure. From insightful interviews with industry leaders to deep dives into transformative technologies, this podcast is your guide to understanding the digital revolution at the heart of the physical world. We talk about IT/OT Convergence and focus on People & Culture, not on the Buzzwords. To support the transformation, we discover which Technologies (AI! Cloud! IIoT!) can enable this transition. itotinsider.substack.com
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