The study of sex, love, attraction, and obsession is known as sexology.
Love's effect on the body, particularly the brain, can only be defined on an individual basis, but owing to science, what it does to the body, specifically the brain, is now less abstract.
According to anthropologist Helen Fisher, one of the issues with early-stage attraction is that it engages portions of the brain connected to drive, hunger, obsession, and motivation while shutting off other regions that deal with decision-making.